The emerging tumor microbe microenvironment: From delineation to multidisciplinary approach-based interventions

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Oncology
• Immunology

Background:

• Intratumoral microbiota is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
• Microbes within tumors influence tumor initiation, metastasis, immunosurveillance, and prognosis.
• Tumor microbe microenvironments present unique features distinct from conventional TME.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the heterogeneity and roles of intratumoral microbiota in various cancers.
• To delineate the features of the tumor microbe microenvironment, including PAMPs, metabolites, and immunomodulation.
• To explore multidisciplinary approaches for cancer therapy targeting the tumor microbiome.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on intratumoral microbiota and its functions.
• Analysis of microbial components, metabolites, and their impact on TME.
• Examination of therapeutic strategies involving live microbes, metabolites, antibiotics, and biomaterials.

Main Results:

• Intratumoral microbiota exhibits heterogeneity across different tumor types.
• Microbial components and metabolites modulate inflammation, immunity, and chemoresistance.
• Multidisciplinary interventions show promise for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive understanding of the tumor microbe microenvironment is essential.
• Targeting the cancer-immune-microbial interplay offers novel therapeutic avenues.
• Microbe-based strategies hold potential for developing tumor-specific cancer treatments.