A review on personal calibration issues for video-oculographic-based gaze tracking

Personal calibration is a process of obtaining personal gaze-related information by focusing on some calibration benchmarks when the user initially uses a gaze tracking system. It not only provides conditions for gaze estimation, but also improves gaze tracking performance. Existing eye-tracking products often require users to conduct explicit personal calibration first, thereby tracking and interacting based on their gaze. This calibration mode has certain limitations, and there is still a significant gap between theoretical personal calibration methods and their practicality. Therefore, this paper reviews the issues of personal calibration for video-oculographic-based gaze tracking. The personal calibration information in typical gaze tracking methods is first summarized, and then some main settings in existing personal calibration processes are analyzed. Several personal calibration modes are discussed and compared subsequently. The performance of typical personal calibration methods for 2D and 3D gaze tracking is quantitatively compared through simulation experiments, highlighting the characteristics of different personal calibration settings. On this basis, we discuss several key issues in designing personal calibration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on personal calibration issues for video-oculographic-based gaze tracking. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research status of personal calibration, explore its main directions for further studies, and provide guidance for seeking personal calibration modes that conform to natural human-computer interaction and promoting the widespread application of eye-movement interaction.