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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Neural Regulation01:37

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
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Biosignals in the Gut-Brain Axis Transmission: Function and Detection.

Linxuan Sun1, Yichao Bai1, Feiyu Kang1

  • 1Institute of Materials Research, Center of Double Helix, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The gut-brain axis (GBA) links the gut and brain, involving microbiota and biosignals. This review covers GBA biosignals, sensing tools, and their role in diagnosing diseases like depression.

Keywords:
BiosensorBiosignalsGut−Brain AxisInflammatory CytokinesMacro-biomoleculesMonoamine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • Gut microbiota significantly influences brain function, while the brain can alter gut microbiota composition via the GBA.
  • This complex interplay involves various biosignals, including monoamines, inflammatory cytokines, and macro-biomolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key biosignals associated with the GBA and their respective functions.
  • To summarize recent advancements in sensing technologies for GBA research.
  • To highlight the potential of these sensors for early disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GBA biosignals and their functions.
  • Survey of current sensing techniques applicable to GBA research.
  • Analysis of sensor characteristics such as selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical biosignals within the GBA, detailing their roles.
  • Compilation of diverse sensing tools for detecting and quantifying GBA-related molecules.
  • Demonstration of sensors' potential for early detection of GBA-associated conditions like depression.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate sensing of GBA biosignals is crucial for understanding its complex mechanisms.
  • Emerging sensing technologies offer promising avenues for GBA research and clinical applications.
  • Addressing current limitations in sensing technology is essential for future progress in the field.