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A Multidisciplinary "One Health" Tool for Tackling Brucellosis.

Georgios Dougas1, Regina Vorou1, Aristomenis Katsiolis2

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Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
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Summary

The Epizootiological Investigation Form (EIF) aids in identifying Brucella-infected animals, but its effectiveness is limited by poor circulation among authorities. Improving EIF implementation is crucial for public and animal health surveillance.

Keywords:
Contact TracingOne Healthbrucellosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Zoonotic Disease Control

Background:

  • Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease requiring collaboration between public health and veterinary sectors.
  • The Epizootiological Investigation Form (EIF) is designed to facilitate information exchange for human brucellosis cases to identify infected animal sources.
  • Effective integration of EIFs into routine practices is essential for timely and accurate disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the integration and efficiency of the Epizootiological Investigation Form (EIF) in routine collaboration between public health and veterinary authorities.
  • To evaluate the timeliness and completeness of EIF data sharing.
  • To determine the effectiveness of EIFs in directing veterinary efforts to identify Brucella-infected animals and farms.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of EIFs issued for human brucellosis cases from 2017-2022 for implementation, timeliness, and completeness.
  • Comparison of Brucella infection rates in farms investigated via EIF with rates from the national brucellosis screening program.
  • Analysis of factors influencing EIF circulation and completeness, including time, geography, and patient occupation.

Main Results:

  • Only 34.3% of issued EIFs were successfully circulated among all stakeholders; 65.7% were missing.
  • Brucella detection rates were significantly higher (51.7%) in investigated sheep and goat farms compared to the national program (2.7%).
  • EIF circulation and completion varied significantly by region, month of diagnosis, and patient occupation, with a median of 50 days for outcome circulation.

Conclusions:

  • The Epizootiological Investigation Form (EIF) is a valuable tool for identifying suspected animals for brucellosis screening.
  • Significant challenges exist in the implementation and circulation of EIFs, hindering efficient intersectoral collaboration.
  • Enhanced training for collaborating personnel is essential to improve EIF utilization in daily practice and strengthen zoonotic disease surveillance.