Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography
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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Michael Cutrone1, Sarah Cotter2, Madhav Swaminathan2
1Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, HAFS 5670, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. michael.cutrone@duke.edu.
Updated guidelines enhance intraoperative echocardiography for valvular disease and mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) aids real-time decision-making for cardiac procedures.
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