Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

130
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
130
False Memories01:18

False Memories

87
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
87
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.4K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

170
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
170
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

137
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
137
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

72
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
72

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Machine learning in applied microbiology, from data quality to model validation and implementation.

Microbiological research·2026
Same author

AI assists adversarial collaboration in debate on minority salience.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

In situ swimming behavior of the Mariana snailfish Pseudoliparis swirei.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Twin Threats in the Deepest Ocean: Novel PFAS Drive Exposure While Legacy PFAS Drive Risk.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

The Structure of Social Situations: Insights From the Large-Scale Automated Coding of Text.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Anoxia-adapted cyanobacteria in a marine blue hole.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.0K

Memory modeling of counterfactual generation.

Feiyi Wang1, Ada Aka2, Lisheng He3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

People generate more desirable and likely counterfactual thoughts faster. Memory search models reveal how cognitive biases influence counterfactual thinking and can predict generation effects.

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.0K
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.0K
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

38.0K
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Counterfactual thinking involves imagining alternative outcomes.
  • Understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind counterfactual generation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the generation of counterfactual outcomes using computational memory search.
  • To investigate factors influencing the accessibility and order of counterfactual thoughts.

Main Methods:

  • Hierarchical Bayesian model fitting to experimental data.
  • Utilizing a computational model of memory search.
  • Analyzing six distinct experimental datasets.

Main Results:

  • More desirable and probable counterfactuals are generated more readily and sooner.
  • Semantic clustering and word frequency significantly impact retrieval dynamics.
  • The number of counterfactuals generated can be manipulated, and the model predicts these changes.

Conclusions:

  • Computational memory search models offer valuable insights into counterfactual thinking.
  • Memory mechanisms play a key role in shaping counterfactual thought generation.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and predicting counterfactual processes.