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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
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Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture.

Saurav Das1, Ankita Mohapatra1,2, Karubakee Sahu1,2

  • 1Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.

Plos One
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Soil compaction and moisture significantly impact nitrogen (N) transformations. Compaction increases ammonium retention and reduces nitrification, while soil type influences nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization, crucial for sustainable N management.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Nitrogen (N) is a critical nutrient for plant growth, but its management is complex due to various soil transformation processes.
  • Soil properties like texture, compaction, and moisture content significantly influence the fate of applied N fertilizers.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for optimizing N use efficiency and minimizing environmental losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of soil type, compaction, and moisture on key nitrogen transformation processes.
  • To quantify ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate (NO3-N) leaching under different soil conditions.
  • To provide insights for sustainable nitrogen management strategies in agriculture.

Main Methods:

  • A 30-day simulated column study was conducted using loam and sandy loam soils.
  • Three compaction levels (control, surface, sub-surface) and two moisture regimes (dry, wet) were applied.
  • Liquid urea ammonium nitrate was applied, and measurements included residual ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), NO3-N leaching, NH3 volatilization, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions.

Main Results:

  • Compaction significantly increased residual NH4-N in deeper soil profiles, particularly in loam under sub-surface compaction and dry conditions.
  • Nitrification rates decreased with compaction, indicated by higher residual NH4-N.
  • Loam soil exhibited greater NO3-N leaching than sandy loam. Highest N2O emissions occurred in control treatments under dry conditions, while NH3 volatilization was higher in moist sandy loam under control conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Soil texture, moisture, and compaction are critical factors influencing nitrogen dynamics and losses.
  • Recommendations include avoiding broadcast application of N fertilizers in moist sandy loam and loam soils to reduce NH3 volatilization.
  • Adjusting fertilizer rates based on soil organic matter content is advised to mitigate NO3-N leaching and N2O emissions, especially in loam soils.