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HD-Zip proteins modify floral structures for self-pollination in tomato.

Minliang Wu¹, Xinxin Bian¹, Benben Huang¹

¹College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 4, 2024

Summary

Three homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-Zip IV) genes promote interlocking anther trichomes for cleistogamy. These genes also regulate style length, shaping tomato flower morphology during evolution and domestication.

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Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Genetics
Evolutionary biology

Background:

Cleistogamy, a form of self-pollination, requires a floral structure that encloses the stigma.
Understanding the genetic basis of cleistogamy is crucial for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the genes controlling cleistogamy in tomato.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cleistogamy and style length regulation.
To investigate the role of these genes in tomato evolution and domestication.

Main Methods:

Gene identification and characterization.
Analysis of gene expression patterns.
Phenotypic analysis of floral morphology.

Main Results:

Three homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-Zip IV) genes were identified as key regulators of cleistogamy.
These genes coordinate the formation of interlocking trichomes, creating a closed anther cone.
HD-Zip IV genes also control style length by influencing cell division and endoreduplication.
Sequential modification of HD-Zip IV gene expression and downstream targets shaped cleistogamy during tomato evolution.

Conclusions:

Homeodomain-leucine zipper IV genes provide molecular insights into cleistogamy in modern tomato.
These findings offer potential targets for enhancing fruit set and preventing pollen contamination in genetically modified crops.