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Related Concept Videos

Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

1.7K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
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Echo01:06

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
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Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

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Measuring the Acoustic Reflex through the Tympanic Membrane.

Matan Hamra1, Simona Tetin-Schneider2, Shadi Shinnawi3

  • 1Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Audiology & Neuro-Otology
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The acoustic reflex, a middle ear response to loud sounds, was observed to increase tympanic membrane oscillations by 42%. This study highlights a new method for observing middle ear dynamics.

Keywords:
Acoustic reflexOptical interferometrySpectral encodingTympanic membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Middle Ear Mechanics
  • Biomedical Optics

Background:

  • The acoustic reflex is the middle ear's active response to loud sounds, modifying acoustic energy transfer to the inner ear.
  • Understanding this reflex is crucial for diagnosing hearing loss and middle ear pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe the effect of the acoustic reflex on tympanic membrane oscillations.
  • To identify a significant nonlinear increase in membrane oscillations during the acoustic reflex.

Main Methods:

  • Interferometric spectrally encoded endoscopy was used to record tympanic membrane oscillations.
  • A loud, 200-ms acoustic stimulus was applied to elicit the acoustic reflex.

Main Results:

  • A gradual acoustic reflex activation was measured between 40 and 100 ms.
  • A 42% linear increase in umbo oscillation amplitude was observed during reflex activation.

Conclusions:

  • Observed tympanic membrane oscillations align with a damped harmonic oscillator model.
  • Interferometric spectrally encoded endoscopy shows potential for studying dynamic middle ear processes.