Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The SIH Impact Inventory: A Pilot Study of a Novel Instrument Assessing Quality of Life in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026

Same author

Consensus Guidelines on Diagnostic Brain and Spine Imaging of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2025

Same author

The 2025 Scottsdale Headache Symposium: New beginnings.

Headache·2025

Same author

Telemedicine is effective and safe for clinical management of patients with headache disorders: An American Headache Society position statement.

Headache·2025

Same author

The contribution of lumbar puncture opening pressure in the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Headache·2025

Same author

National Conference of Neuro-Ophthalmology in Chandigarh India February 7-9, 2025.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

The Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome.

Deborah I Friedman¹

¹Yellow Rose Headache and Neuro-Ophthalmology.

Neurologic Clinics

|April 4, 2024

Summary

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a condition of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, can cause vision loss and debilitating headaches. This study reviews IIH diagnosis, management, and recent advancements.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome involves elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure without other identifiable causes.
It presents as primary idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or secondary to other conditions.
Untreated IIH can lead to permanent vision loss and severe headaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
To incorporate new insights into IIH pathobiology.
To discuss therapeutic updates and reasons for overdiagnosis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on IIH.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
Examination of emerging research on IIH pathogenesis.

Keywords:

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Obesity Optical coherence tomography Papilledema Pseudotumor cerebri

More Related Videos

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

Published on: June 28, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

Published on: June 28, 2024

Main Results:

IIH diagnosis requires excluding secondary causes and specific clinical findings.
Management involves addressing intracranial pressure and visual function.
Overdiagnosis may occur due to a lack of awareness of diagnostic nuances.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial for preventing vision loss in IIH.
Continued research into IIH pathobiology and therapeutics is essential.
Understanding diagnostic criteria can help prevent overdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient care.