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Pediatric Esophageal Dysphagia

Erin R S Hamersley1, Cristina Baldassari2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA, 23708, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|April 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric esophageal dysphagia involves narrowing of the esophagus from structural issues like strictures or external compression. Diagnosis uses imaging, and treatment often requires surgery for symptomatic cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Disorders
  • Swallowing Function

Background:

  • Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular process.
  • Pediatric esophageal dysphagia has structural and nonstructural causes.
  • Structural causes involve esophageal lumen narrowing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline structural causes of pediatric esophageal dysphagia.
  • To describe diagnostic methods for esophageal dysphagia.
  • To discuss treatment approaches for pediatric esophageal dysphagia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural causes: esophageal strictures and vascular anomalies.
  • Diagnostic modalities: esophagram, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Treatment considerations based on diagnosis and symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Esophageal strictures result from scar tissue, causing stenosis.
  • Vascular rings and slings compress the esophagus externally.
  • Imaging is crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Structural pediatric esophageal dysphagia necessitates accurate diagnosis via imaging.
  • Symptomatic cases frequently require surgical intervention.
  • Understanding esophageal anatomy and pathology is key.

Keywords:
Esophageal dysphagiaEsophageal stricturesVascular ringVascular sling

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