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Vaccinations01:51

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Characterization Of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes And Their Coverage In Vaccine Delivered To Ethiopian Women

Characterization of human papillomavirus genotypes and their coverage in vaccine delivered to Ethiopian women

Alemayehu Abate1,2, Abaineh Munshea3,4, Endalkachew Nibret3,4

  • 1Department of Health Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, P. O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. alexu2love@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|April 4, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, particularly HPV-16, are linked to a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Ethiopia. Current vaccines cover less than half of circulating HPV types, suggesting a need for broader vaccine strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cervical cancer is a major health issue in Ethiopia, primarily caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.
  • Understanding the association between specific HPV genotypes and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between carcinogenic risk of various HPV infections and the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in Ethiopia.
  • To assess the coverage of circulating HPV genotypes by existing quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia, nested within a prospective cohort study.
  • Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0 to determine associations between HPV types and CIN II+.

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  • Prevalence of HPV genotypes and their association with CIN II+ were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • HPV-16 showed a significantly higher risk for CIN II+ (AOR = 15.42).
    • Other high-risk HPV types, including HPV-52, -18, -53, and -58, were also significantly associated with increased CIN II+ risk.
    • The study identified a high prevalence of HPV genotypes, with HPV-16, -53, -58, -18, -35, and -52 being predominant.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings highlight the significant role of specific HPV genotypes in the development of CIN in Ethiopia.
    • Existing quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines provide limited coverage (27.1% and 45%, respectively) of the prevalent HPV genotypes in the region.
    • Ethiopia should consider incorporating the nonavalent vaccine and potentially a polyvalent vaccine covering additional genotypes into its national public health strategy to improve cervical cancer prevention.