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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

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Gradient matters via filament diameter-adjustable 3D printing.

Huawei Qu1,2, Chongjian Gao1, Kaizheng Liu1

  • 1Research Center for Human Tissue and Organ Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.

Nature Communications
|April 4, 2024
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel 3D printing method to create complex gradient materials with tunable structures. This technique overcomes limitations in existing 3D printing, enabling precise control over material gradients for diverse applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • 3D Printing

Background:

  • Hierarchical structures in nature exhibit integrity and diversity.
  • Direct ink writing 3D printing fabricates 1D and 2D hierarchical structures.
  • Existing methods struggle with 3D gradient material fabrication due to limitations in gradient dimension, resolution, and shape fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a filament diameter-adjustable 3D printing strategy.
  • To enable conventional extrusion 3D printers to produce 1D, 2D, and 3D gradient materials.
  • To achieve tunable heterogeneous structures with high shape fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Developed diameter-programmable filaments by customizing printing velocity and height.
  • Utilized continuous variation of deposited ink volume along the printing trajectory.

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  • Incorporated custom supporting layers to enhance shape fidelity.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully produced 1D, 2D, and 3D gradient materials with tunable heterogeneous structures.
    • Demonstrated high shape fidelity in printed gradient structures.
    • Showcased diverse applications including gradient structures, metastructures, tissue scaffolds, and flexible electronics.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed strategy overcomes limitations in 3D gradient material fabrication.
    • The technique is adaptable to various filament-based additive manufacturing technologies.
    • Facilitates the advancement of functionally graded structures across multiple disciplines.