Jejunal angiodysplasia: surgery can be life-saving - a case report

Angiodysplasia, a rare cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations from anemia to life-threatening hemorrhage. This case study emphasizes the significance of considering intestinal vascular malformations as a differential diagnosis, especially in the context of chronic anemia and GI bleeding. Jejunal angiodysplasia, though infrequent, poses diagnostic challenges due to the hidden nature of the small bowel in the GI system.

A 23-year-old male presented with acute hematochezia and melena, necessitating prompt intervention. Despite a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy was hindered, CT angiography could not be performed due to the patient's unstable condition, leading to a planned exploratory laparotomy. Surgical exploration revealed a mucosal vascular lesion in the jejunum, prompting resection, and anastomosis. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, reinforcing the importance of swift diagnosis and intervention.

Angiodysplasia's pathogenesis remains unclear, with hypotheses implicating vascular endothelial growth factor and submucosal changes. Challenges in management revolve around lesion localization and stabilizing hemodynamics, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach. While endoscopy is often diagnostic and therapeutic, advanced modalities such as CT angiography may be required. Literature review highlights diverse presentations and successful interventions, including embolization and surgical resection.

Jejunal angiodysplasia demands a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. The presented case underscores the pivotal role of endoscopy, embolization, and surgery in managing this condition. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for mitigating the impact of angiodysplasia, necessitating further research and collaborative efforts for improved management of this rare condition.