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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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A potential function for MicroRNA-124 in normal and pathological bone conditions.

Rushil Kolipaka1, Induja Magesh1, M R Ashok Bharathy1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|April 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. This review details miR-124

Keywords:
BoneSignalingcircRNAlncRNAmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Specific miRNAs, including miR-124, play crucial roles in bone biology and associated disorders.
  • miR-124 is present in bone microenvironments and influences bone cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the role of miR-124 in bone physiology and pathology.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-124 influences bone growth and differentiation.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-124 for bone-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miR-124 function in bone.
  • Analysis of miR-124's interactions with transcription factors and signaling pathways.
  • Examination of miR-124's role in RNA-mediated signaling networks.

Main Results:

  • miR-124 significantly impacts bone cell growth and differentiation.
  • miR-124 activates key transcription factors and signaling pathways essential for bone formation.
  • Dysregulation of miR-124 is linked to pathological bone conditions.

Conclusions:

  • miR-124 is a critical regulator of bone homeostasis.
  • Understanding miR-124's regulatory networks offers insights into bone biology.
  • miR-124 presents a promising therapeutic target for bone diseases.