The Transgender and Gender Diverse and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Nexus: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Gender Studies
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

• Existing research suggests a higher prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within the transgender and/or gender diverse (TGD) population.
• Understanding the intersection of TGD identity and ADHD is crucial for effective healthcare and support.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and summarize the primary literature concerning the experiences of TGD individuals with ADHD.
• To identify trends, gaps, and areas for future research in the TGD/ADHD nexus.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted using multiple databases, reference lists, and referrals.
• Screening of identified texts was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, with consensus among authors.

Main Results:

• Seventeen articles published since 2014 address the TGD/ADHD intersection.
• The majority of articles (65%) were authored by gender-affirming care specialists, and 71% reported prevalence data based on medical records.
• Implications were primarily discussed in case reports, with a notable absence of deficit-framing and explicit TGD/ADHD community authorship.

Conclusions:

• There is a striking paucity of published literature on TGD individuals with ADHD.
• The limited research often lacks explicit involvement and authorship from the TGD community.
• Increased attention and community-driven research are warranted to better understand and support TGD individuals with ADHD.