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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Cellular atlas of the human ovary using morphologically guided spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing.

Andrea S K Jones1, D Ford Hannum2, Jordan H Machlin1,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

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This study maps ovarian cell functions using gene profiling and single-cell sequencing, revealing specific gene activities crucial for follicle development and hormone regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Ovarian reproductive and endocrine functions rely on specialized cell interactions.
  • Functional characteristics of ovarian cells remain largely uninvestigated.
  • Understanding ovarian cell function is critical for fertility and endocrine health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the functional attributes of ovarian cells.
  • To identify specific gene activities within distinct ovarian cell populations.
  • To create a comprehensive spatial and single-cell atlas of the human ovary.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of 257 ovarian regions from premenopausal donors.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of 21,198 ovarian cells.
  • Analysis of spatial gene activity in oocytes, theca, and granulosa cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of four major cell types and four immune cell subtypes in the ovary.
  • Discovery of distinct gene expression profiles for oocytes, theca, and granulosa cells.
  • Uncovered previously unknown variations in hormone and extracellular matrix remodeling activities across ovarian regions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a valuable resource for understanding ovarian cell function and follicle development.
  • The generated atlas expands knowledge of molecular programs governing ovarian processes.
  • This research facilitates future studies on rare ovarian cells and diseases.