Air embolism caused by peripheral superficial vein catheterization: A case report

Area of Science:

• Medical Complications
• Vascular Access
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Air embolism is a known iatrogenic complication, often linked to central venous catheters and mechanical ventilation.
• A 59-year-old woman with cerebral hemorrhage developed decreased oxygen saturation and respiratory distress after peripheral venous catheterization.
• CT scans revealed scattered gas in major thoracic veins and the heart, indicative of air embolism.

Observation:

• The patient was treated with high-flow oxygen and placed in a left-side reclining position.
• The Trendelenburg position was not utilized due to the patient's acute cerebral hemorrhage.

Findings:

• Computed tomography (CT) scan after 24 hours demonstrated resolution of the air embolism.
• The patient's condition improved following conservative management and positional therapy.

Implications:

• This case underscores that air embolism can occur in various clinical scenarios, not just those typically associated with central lines.
• Healthcare professionals must maintain a high index of suspicion and possess the skills to identify and manage air embolism promptly.
• Prompt recognition and conservative management, including appropriate positioning, can lead to favorable outcomes in cases of air embolism.