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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Open quantum systems exhibit unique behaviors due to environmental interactions.
  • Nonreciprocity introduces phenomena like the Liouvillian skin effect (LSE), a sensitivity to boundary conditions.
  • Understanding universality and critical phenomena in these systems is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nonreciprocity on universality and critical phenomena in open quantum many-body systems.
  • To determine if the Liouvillian skin effect (LSE) influences universal scaling regimes.
  • To explore the nature of driven-dissipative quantum criticality in nonreciprocal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Studied an open quantum XXZ spin chain exhibiting LSE.
  • Employed tensor network methods to resolve critical exponents.
  • Analyzed the system's scaling behavior and the role of edge effects.

Main Results:

  • A universal scaling regime exists, unaffected by LSE, with critical exponents differing from free fermions.
  • Observables show a universal scaling collapse regardless of reciprocity.
  • LSE becomes relevant only when the healing length scale exceeds the system size, allowing edge properties to dominate.

Conclusions:

  • Nonreciprocity does not alter universal scaling near critical points in the studied system.
  • The Liouvillian skin effect's relevance is tied to the ratio of healing length to system size.
  • The observed driven-dissipative quantum criticality, driven by multiple dark states, lacks a classical analog.