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Zymosan and lipopolysaccharide decrease gene expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in peripheral organs in

Maki Takahashi1, Tomohisa Ishida1, Sakirul Khan2

  • 1Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|April 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogenic challenges decrease neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in chicks. This reduction impacts food intake, body temperature, and digestive function, highlighting nNOS

Keywords:
ChickCorticosteroneLipopolysaccharideNitric oxideNitric oxide synthaseZymosan

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Area of Science:

  • Animal physiology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
  • Inducible NOS (iNOS) is upregulated during pathogenic challenges, but the roles of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in birds during infection are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of zymosan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NOS expression in chicks (Gallus gallus).
  • To determine the impact of NOS inhibition on physiological and behavioral parameters in chicks.

Main Methods:

  • Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of zymosan and LPS in chicks.
  • Analysis of NOS mRNA expression in various organs.
  • Administration of NOS inhibitors (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 7-nitroindazole) and assessment of food intake, cloacal temperature, and feed passage.

Main Results:

  • Zymosan and LPS induced iNOS mRNA expression.
  • LPS increased eNOS mRNA expression in the pancreas, while zymosan had no effect.
  • Both pathogens decreased nNOS mRNA expression in the lung, heart, kidney, and pancreas.
  • NOS inhibition led to decreased food intake, cloacal temperature, and feed passage.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal and bacterial infections downregulate nNOS expression in birds.
  • Reduced nNOS expression is linked to impaired food intake, body temperature regulation, and digestive processes.
  • These findings suggest a significant role for nNOS in maintaining homeostasis during avian infections.