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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

489
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.
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CD1 molecules: Beyond antigen presentation.

Lauren Evans1, Patricia Barral1

  • 1The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Molecular Immunology
|April 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD1 molecules have unconventional roles beyond lipid antigen presentation. These functions impact cell activation, tissue homeostasis, and disease progression through reverse signaling and cell-intrinsic mechanisms.

Keywords:
CD1CD1d crosslinkingLipid metabolism

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD1 molecules primarily present lipid antigens to activate T cells.
  • Their additional roles in cell function and disease are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unconventional functions of CD1 molecules.
  • To explore their impact on cell activation, homeostasis, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CD1 molecule functions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including reverse signaling and cell-intrinsic pathways.

Main Results:

  • CD1 molecules mediate unconventional roles through reverse signaling.
  • CD1 molecules influence cell metabolism and inflammation via cell-intrinsic pathways.
  • These unconventional roles affect tissue homeostasis and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • CD1 molecules possess multifaceted roles beyond antigen presentation.
  • Understanding these unconventional functions is crucial for managing inflammatory and infectious diseases.