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Related Concept Videos

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
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S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
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Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...

Heart Sounds

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Towards ASSR-based hearing assessment using natural sounds.

Anna Sergeeva¹, Christian Bech Christensen¹, Preben Kidmose¹

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.

Journal of Neural Engineering

|April 5, 2024

Summary

This study shows that natural speech sounds can be used to estimate auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) using electroencephalography (EEG). This method, using ear-EEG, could lead to more comfortable hearing assessments and automatic hearing aid fitting in daily life.

Keywords:

ASSR ear-EEG electroencephalography hearing assessment

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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Audiology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) estimation of hearing thresholds is crucial for audiology.
Conventional ASSR stimuli (pure tones, chirps) are monotonous and inconvenient for repeated use.
Ear-electroencephalography (ear-EEG) offers potential for in-situ hearing assessment and hearing aid fitting.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of natural speech sounds for ASSR estimation.
To evaluate the feasibility of using ear-EEG with speech stimuli for hearing assessment.
To explore potential for comfortable, automated hearing aid fitting.

Main Methods:

Recorded EEG from 22 normal-hearing subjects using scalp and ear electrodes.
Stimulated subjects with 180 minutes of amplitude-modulated speech stimulus (40 Hz AM, 1 kHz center).
Estimated ASSR from scalp and ear EEG across 10 sensation levels (0-45 dB SL).

Main Results:

Significant ASSRs were recorded from both scalp and ear electrodes.
ASSR amplitude increased with increasing stimulus presentation level.
The method demonstrated reliable ASSR estimation using natural speech sounds.

Conclusions:

Natural speech sounds can be effectively used for ASSR estimation.
This approach offers a more comfortable and less fatiguing alternative to conventional ASSR methods.
Combined with ear-EEG, it may enable convenient, real-world hearing threshold estimation and hearing aid adjustment.