Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.8K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.8K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

2.1K
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
2.1K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

1.8K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
1.8K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.5K
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
1.5K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

873
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
873
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

870
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
870

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of key diagnostics for probabilistic interpretation of STR mixture data generated with length-based and MPS methodologies.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Dual Roles of Voltage-gated Calcium Channels and γ-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Signaling in Modulating Neurotensin Receptor Type 2-induced Antinociception.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Coronary sinus reducer implantation for refractory angina: a national audit of UK practice.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)·2026
Same author

<sup>18</sup>F-labelling of (hetero)aryl halides <i>via</i> sequential Miyaura borylation/copper-mediated radiofluorination.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Identification of low threshold off-target activation pathways during stimulation of carotid baroreceptor afferents in swine.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Deoxygenative Olefin Insertion of Cyclic Alcohols Promoted by Sulfoxide Cation Radicals.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays
10:54

Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays

Published on: February 12, 2021

3.4K

Development of High-Throughput Experimentation Approaches for Rapid Radiochemical Exploration.

E William Webb1, Kevin Cheng1, Wade P Winton1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-throughput experimentation (HTE) was adapted for radiochemistry, optimizing copper-mediated radiofluorination reactions. This new workflow enables rapid analysis and exploration of chemical space for positron emission tomography imaging agents.

More Related Videos

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
09:19

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode

Published on: June 4, 2021

3.3K
Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems
05:00

Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems

Published on: August 30, 2021

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays
10:54

Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays

Published on: February 12, 2021

3.4K
NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
09:19

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode

Published on: June 4, 2021

3.3K
Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems
05:00

Rapid Characterization of Genetic Parts with Cell-Free Systems

Published on: August 30, 2021

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Radiochemistry
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) is crucial for studying physiological processes.
  • Current radiolabeling optimization relies on inefficient one-factor-at-a-time methods.
  • High-throughput experimentation (HTE) is underutilized in radiochemistry due to short radioisotope lifetimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate an effective HTE workflow for radiochemistry.
  • To optimize copper-mediated radiofluorination reactions.
  • To explore chemical space for pharmaceutically relevant aryl boronates.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a novel HTE workflow using commercial equipment.
  • Rapid analysis of parallel reactions for optimization.
  • Application to copper-mediated radiofluorination of boronate esters.

Main Results:

  • Successful adaptation of HTE for radiochemistry challenges.
  • Optimization of radiofluorination reactions for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Generation of large radiochemistry datasets for further research.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HTE workflow overcomes challenges associated with short radioisotope lifetimes.
  • This approach accelerates the optimization of PET imaging agents.
  • Facilitates exploration of chemical space in radiochemistry for drug discovery.