Multi-modal Neuroimaging Phenotyping of Mnemonic Anosognosia in the Aging Brain

Unawareness is a behavioral condition characterized by a lack of self-awareness of objective memory decline. In the context of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), unawareness may develop in predementia stages and contributes to disease severity and progression. Here, we use in-vivo multi-modal neuroimaging to profile the brain phenotype of individuals presenting altered self-awareness of memory during aging.

Amyloid- and tau-PET (N = 335) and resting-state functional MRI (N = 713) imaging data of individuals from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4)/Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) Study were used in this research. We applied whole-brain voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses to characterize the cortical intersections of tau, amyloid, and functional connectivity networks underlying unawareness in the aging brain compared to aware, complainer and control groups.

Individuals with unawareness present elevated amyloid and tau burden in midline core regions of the default mode network compared to aware, complainer or control individuals. Unawareness is characterized by an altered network connectivity pattern featuring hyperconnectivity in the medial anterior prefrontal cortex and posterior occipito-parietal regions co-locating with amyloid and tau deposition.

Unawareness is an early behavioral biomarker of AD pathology. Failure of the self-referential system in unawareness of memory decline can be linked to amyloid and tau burden, along with functional network connectivity disruptions, in several medial frontal and parieto-occipital areas of the human brain.