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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

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Catalytically Active Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion: Recent Advances and Future
Shuling Liu1, Ao Wang2, Yanyan Liu1,2,3
1College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
Biomass-derived catalytically active carbon (CAC) shows promise as a green electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This review comprehensively covers synthesis, enhancement, and applications of these biomass-derived CACs for energy storage.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Renewable Energy
Background:
- Fossil fuel scarcity necessitates efficient energy conversion technologies.
- Biomass offers a sustainable resource for developing next-generation energy solutions.
- Electrochemical methods efficiently convert chemical energy to electrical energy, with recent advances in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the latest progress in biomass-derived catalytically active carbon (CAC) based electrocatalysts for ORR.
- To bridge the gap in existing literature by synchronously addressing synthesis, performance enhancement, and applications.
- To provide research directions and design ideas for catalyst development and industrialization.
Main Methods:
- Review of fundamental ORR catalytic principles.
- Analysis of biomass chemical composition and structural properties.
- Examination of traditional and novel synthesis methods for biomass-derived CACs and optimization strategies.
- Summary of practical applications in electrocatalysis and energy storage.
Main Results:
- Biomass-derived CACs are effective electrocatalysts for ORR.
- Diverse biomass sources and synthesis methods yield varied CAC properties.
- Optimization strategies can significantly enhance catalyst performance.
- These catalysts have promising applications in energy storage and conversion.
Conclusions:
- This review offers a comprehensive overview of biomass-derived CACs for ORR.
- It provides insights into synthesis, optimization, and application, guiding future research.
- The findings support the industrialization of biomass-derived CACs for electrocatalysis and energy storage.
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