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Sleep effort and its measurement: A scoping review
Daniel Ruivo Marques1,2, Luís Pires2,3, Niall M Broomfield4
1Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Journal of Sleep Research
|April 6, 2024
Summary
The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale is increasingly used to measure sleep effort in insomnia. Further research and cross-cultural adaptations of this tool are recommended.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Psychology
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Insomnia disorder involves disrupted sleep continuity and dissatisfaction.
- Sleep effort, conscious attempts to initiate sleep, is a key feature of insomnia.
- The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) is a self-report measure for sleep effort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on sleep effort and its measurement using the GSES.
- To map the discussion and operationalization of sleep effort in research.
- To identify trends in the use and adaptation of the GSES.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review following JBI guidelines.
- Searches conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo.
- Included studies mentioning the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, with no language restrictions.
Main Results:
- 166 initial records were retrieved; 46 met eligibility criteria.
- The use of the GSES has shown a significant upward trend in recent years.
- Only three adapted versions of the GSES were identified, indicating limited adaptation research.
Conclusions:
- Sleep effort is a growing area of research.
- The GSES is increasingly utilized but lacks widespread adaptation.
- Further research, including cross-cultural adaptations of the GSES, is warranted.
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