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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Simultaneous pH Measurement in Endocytic and Cytosolic Compartments in Living Cells using Confocal Microscopy
Published on: April 28, 2014
The role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in sensing and regulating intracellular pH
Hang Lam Li1, Arthur Verhoeven1, Ronald Oude Elferink2
1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) differs from transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmAC) in many aspects. In particular, the activity of sAC is not regulated by G-proteins but by the prevailing bicarbonate concentrations inside cells. Therefore, sAC serves as an exquisite intracellular pH sensor, with the capacity to translate pH changes into the regulation of localization and/or activity of cellular proteins involved in pH homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of literature describing the regulation of sAC activity by bicarbonate, pinpointing the importance of compartmentalization of intracellular cAMP signaling cascades. In addition, examples of processes involving proton and bicarbonate transport in different cell types, in which sAC plays an important regulatory role, were described in detail.
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