Proof-of-concept for a novel nanotechnology-based treatment for urolithiasis

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Urology

Background:

• Kidney stones (urolithiasis) are a common ailment.
• Current lithotripsy methods have limitations.
• Novel fragmentation techniques are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate the proof-of-concept for photonic lithotripsy.
• To assess nanoparticle effectiveness in fragmenting human kidney stones.
• To evaluate different near-infrared wavelengths for stone fragmentation.

Main Methods:

• Human kidney stones (2-4 mm) were collected and rehydrated.
• Stones were coated with carbon-based or gold-based nanoparticles.
• Near-infrared energy (785 nm or 1320 nm) was applied to activate nanoparticles.
• Fragmentation success rates were recorded at distances ≥20 mm.

Main Results:

• Photonic lithotripsy achieved >70% success for calcium oxalate monohydrate stones with carbon nanoparticles.
• Carbon nanoparticles were effective with both 785 nm and 1320 nm wavelengths.
• Gold nanoparticles showed high success with 785 nm but decreased efficacy at 1320 nm.

Conclusions:

• Photonic lithotripsy can fragment common kidney stone types in vitro using nanoparticles.
• Near-infrared laser activation of nanoparticles is a viable fragmentation method.
• This technology holds potential for clinical urolithiasis treatment.