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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
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Mice Regulate Dietary Amino Acid Balance and Energy Intake by Selecting between Complementary Protein Sources.

Kamrul Zaman1, Hee-Chang Mun1, Samantha M Solon-Biet1

  • 1Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

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Summary

Mice adjust food intake and selection between casein and whey proteins based on protein concentration. Cystine (Cys) intake appears to drive protein preference shifts when dietary protein is low.

Keywords:
amino acidsdietary protein selectionfood intakemilk proteinsprotein leverage

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Dietary Behavior

Background:

  • Dietary protein and amino acid (AA) balance requires adjustments in food intake (protein leverage, PL) and food selection (complementary feeding).
  • Mice were offered choices between casein and whey, two complementary protein sources, across varying protein concentrations (P%) of digestible energy (DE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if protein leverage (PL) operates similarly for casein and whey.
  • To determine if protein source preference changes with decreasing protein concentration (P%).
  • To identify specific amino acids (AAs) that influence protein selection changes at varying P% levels.

Main Methods:

  • Measured food intake and plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) in mice across a range of dietary protein concentrations (P7.5%-P33%).
  • Utilized defined diets of either casein or whey for direct comparisons.
  • Conducted food choice studies with simultaneous access to casein and whey at identical P% levels.

Main Results:

  • Protein leverage (PL) thresholds differed for casein (13%) and whey (10%), with greater PL magnitude for casein.
  • Mice preferred casein at control P% (23%) but shifted preference to whey at lower P% (13% and 10%).
  • Low P% intake increased plasma FGF21; cystine (Cys) intake remained invariant and appeared to drive the protein preference switch.

Conclusions:

  • Mice effectively selected complementary protein sources (casein and whey) to maintain stable energy and amino acid intake across varied P%.
  • Supplementing low P% casein diets with cystine (Cys) reduced plasma FGF21 and overall food intake, highlighting Cys's role in regulating intake.