Evaluation of Some Prognostic Biomarkers in Human Papillomavirus-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma

Mohamed Ali Alabiad ¹, Warda M M Said ², Amal M A Adim ²

¹Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
²Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
³Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁴Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
⁵Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt.
⁶Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
⁷Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
⁸Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
⁹Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan.
¹⁰Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef Egypt.

⁰Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences +

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April 8, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multi phenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) shows aggressive behavior. Biomarkers like VEGF, BAX, hTERT, and ProEx<sup>TM</sup>C indicate poor prognosis and survival in HMSC patients.

Area Of Science

Oncology
Pathology
Virology

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multi phenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a newly identified tumor subtype.
Its prognosis remains unclear, and it is frequently misdiagnosed as other sinonasal carcinomas.
HMSC is associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV).

Purpose Of The Study

To evaluate the expression of VEGF, BAX, EGFR, ProEx<sup>TM</sup>C, and hTERT in HMSC.
To assess the association of these markers with survival and clinicopathological characteristics.

Main Methods

Retrospective analysis of 40 HMSC patients (2017-2022) who underwent surgical resection.
Immunohistochemical examination for HR-HPV, specific gene fusions (MYB, MYBL1, NFIB), myoepithelial and squamous differentiation markers, and target proteins (VEGF, BAX, ProEx<sup>TM</sup>C, hTERT).
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Chi-square testing were used.

Main Results

VEGF, hTERT, and ProEx<sup>TM</sup>C expression correlated significantly with age, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, mortality, relapse, and poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001).
BAX expression was significantly associated with tumor size, age, poor DFS, and relapse (P=0.01, P<0.001, P=0.035, P=0.002).

Conclusions

HMSC is strongly linked to HR-HPV infection.
Elevated expression of VEGF, EGFR, BAX, hTERT, and ProEx<sup>TM</sup>C signifies aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in HMSC.
These markers represent potential prognostic biomarkers for targeted therapies in HMSC.

Keywords:

ErbB receptors Papillomavirus infections Paranasal sinus neoplasms Vascular endothelial growth factor