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Determination of Refractive Error Using Direct Ophthalmoscopy in Children
Sruthi Vijendran1, Yogish S Kamath1, Yash Alok2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|April 8, 2024
Summary
Early detection of refractive errors in children is crucial. A modified Brückner test effectively identifies myopia and hypermetropia by analyzing the red reflex, aiding in preventing visual impairment.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Refractive error is a leading cause of childhood visual impairment.
- Early detection prevents serious ocular conditions like amblyopia and strabismus.
- The Brückner test is a simple ophthalmoscopic examination for children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine refractive error in children using a modified Brückner test.
- To analyze the red reflex for detecting refractive errors.
- To assess the utility of the modified Brückner test in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- A prospective observational study involving 683 children (aged 4-10 years).
- Evaluation using a direct ophthalmoscope from one meter in a dimly lit room.
- Comparison of red reflex characteristics with photoscreener refraction values.
Main Results:
- A superior crescent in the red reflex indicated hypermetropia (p < 0.001).
- An inferior crescent indicated myopia (p < 0.001).
- The superior crescent showed 98.4% sensitivity for detecting hypermetropia.
Conclusions:
- The modified Brückner test is effective for detecting and quantifying refractive errors in children.
- This simple, quick test can be used as a community screening tool.
- It helps identify potentially amblyogenic refractive errors in pediatric patients.
