Meta-atom loaded circularly polarized triple band patch antenna for Wi-Fi, ISM and X-band communications

Microstrip antennas usually suffer from high losses, gain, and efficiency degradation. It is a challenging task to miniaturize the patch antenna without degrading the performance parameters. To mitigate the above problems, a microstrip patch antenna loaded with stubs and printed on the ground plane loaded with dumbbell meta-atom is presented in this paper. The proposed double dumbbell meta-atom consists of two complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) cells loaded with rectangular rings. This exhibits the Double Negative (DNG) characteristic at 2.45 GHz. The devised meta-atom possesses dimensions of 0.05λ x 0.03λ at lower giga-hertz range. The meta-atom is further analyzed in CST-Microwave Studio and the corresponding S-parameters are extracted in MATLAB using the Nicolson Ross Weir (NRW) method. The electrical model of the meta-atom is also analyzed using Agilent ADS simulator. Further, two models of the proposed antenna with FR-4 and RT/Duroid-5880 are designed and compared. The proposed patch antenna resonates at three different frequency bands i.e. 2.445 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 110 MHz (2.4 GHz-2.51 GHz), at 5.85 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 730 MHz (5.13 GHz-5.86 GHz), and at 8.83 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.83 GHz (7.7 GHz-9.53 GHz). This exhibit peak gains of 2.75dBi, 3.53dBc and 4.36dBi with low cross polarization levels at the said frequencies of operation. Further, the antenna possesses circular polarization in the frequency band (5.15 GHz-5.63 GHz). This antenna is used for Wi-Fi, ISM and X-band communications. The designed prototype is fabricated and tested and bears resemblance to the simulated results.