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Exploring ethnic and racial differences in intraocular pressure and glaucoma: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on
Alyssa Grant1, Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon1, Joseph Bastasic1
1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Heliyon
|April 8, 2024
Summary
Self-reported race/ethnicity is linked to intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. These differences persist even after accounting for social, behavioral, genetic, and health factors, suggesting deeper causes for glaucoma risk.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma exhibit disparities across racial and ethnic groups.
- Understanding the underlying factors contributing to these differences is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between self-reported race/ethnicity and intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma.
- To explore whether social, behavioral, genetic, or health differences explain these associations.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 30,097 adults from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive Cohort.
- Measured corneal-compensated IOP and collected self-reported glaucoma diagnoses and eye care usage.
- Calculated glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) and employed logistic and linear regression models.
Main Results:
- Black individuals showed higher mean IOP (β = 1.46) and increased odds of glaucoma (OR = 2.43) compared to White individuals.
- Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Southeast Asian, and Filipino individuals had lower mean IOP compared to White individuals.
- Adjustments for sociodemographic, behavioral, genetic, and health variables did not fully account for these observed racial/ethnic disparities.
Conclusions:
- Significant racial and ethnic differences in IOP and glaucoma prevalence were identified.
- Sociodemographic, behavioral, genetic, and health factors do not entirely explain these disparities.
- Further longitudinal research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms behind these differences and their impact on glaucoma pathogenesis.
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