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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

421
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review.

Caroline H Siegel1,2, Lisa R Sammaritano1,2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.

JAMA
|April 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. Treatment focuses on remission using hydroxychloroquine, with additional therapies for severe cases, including newer biologics.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing widespread inflammation and organ damage.
  • Affecting approximately 3.4 million people globally, SLE predominantly impacts females (90%) and can lead to severe complications like lupus nephritis.
  • Lupus nephritis affects 40% of SLE patients, with 10% progressing to end-stage kidney disease within a decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current understanding of SLE diagnosis, treatment goals, and therapeutic options.
  • To highlight the significance of hydroxychloroquine as a standard treatment and introduce newer therapeutic agents.
  • To provide an overview of the management strategies for SLE and lupus nephritis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria, including the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria (96.1% sensitivity, 93.4% specificity).

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  • Analysis of treatment goals, emphasizing disease remission and minimizing organ damage and treatment toxicity.
  • Summary of current and emerging pharmacotherapies for SLE and lupus nephritis.

    • Main Results:

    • The 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria incorporate clinical and immunological factors for SLE diagnosis.
    • Hydroxychloroquine is a cornerstone therapy, reducing SLE-related mortality and morbidity.
    • Recent FDA approvals include belimumab, voclosporin, and anifrolumab, expanding treatment options for active SLE and lupus nephritis.

    Conclusions:

    • SLE management aims for remission, balancing disease control with treatment toxicity.
    • Hydroxychloroquine remains essential, while immunosuppressants and biologics offer tailored approaches for moderate to severe disease.
    • Advances in SLE pharmacotherapy, including belimumab, voclosporin, and anifrolumab, offer new hope for patients with active disease and lupus nephritis.