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Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Screening Out Neurodiversity.

Jada Wiggleton-Little, Craig Callender

    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal
    |April 8, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pre-employment personality tests unfairly disadvantage autistic adults, worsening their high unemployment rates. Regulation is needed to address these disparate impacts on neurodivergent individuals.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Neurodiversity Studies
    • Employment Law

    Background:

    • Autistic adults face high unemployment rates, a problem exacerbated by current hiring practices.
    • Pre-employment personality screening tests are widely used by companies to assess job suitability.
    • These tests may disproportionately affect neurodivergent individuals, including those on the autism spectrum.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the disparate impact of pre-employment personality tests on autistic adults.
    • To examine whether these tests unfairly exploit characteristics associated with autism.
    • To propose regulatory measures to mitigate negative consequences for autistic job seekers.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative analysis of personality test structures and their alignment with autistic traits.

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  • Review of existing literature on neurodiversity and employment screening.
  • Ethical and legal examination of disparate impact in hiring.

    • Main Results:

    • Pre-employment personality tests often contain biases that unfairly penalize autistic individuals.
    • Certain test designs exploit autistic traits, leading to disadvantage.
    • The use of these tests contributes to the social problem of autistic unemployment.

    Conclusions:

    • Pre-employment personality tests have a detrimental and unfair effect on autistic adults seeking employment.
    • Current practices raise ethical concerns regarding discrimination against neurodivergent individuals.
    • There is a need for regulatory oversight and reform of personality testing in hiring.