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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
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Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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Osteocytes support bone metastasis of melanoma cells by CXCL5.

Yewei Jia1, Fulin Zhang1, Xianyi Meng1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.

Cancer Letters
|April 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Osteocytes, bone cells, promote melanoma metastasis by releasing CXCL5 chemokine. Blocking the CXCL5-CXCR2 pathway significantly reduces cancer spread and bone damage, offering a potential therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Bone metastasis is a frequent complication in advanced cancers.
  • Osteocytes, bone cells, are implicated in the bone marrow microenvironment.
  • The precise function of osteocytes in cancer metastasis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of osteocytes in melanoma bone metastasis.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms mediating osteocyte-cancer cell interactions.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting the identified pathway.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze osteocyte gene expression.
  • Chemokine screening to identify secreted factors.
  • In vitro cell migration and invasion assays.
  • In vivo bone metastasis models in mice.

Main Results:

  • Osteocytes secrete the chemokine CXCL5 upon exposure to melanoma cells.
  • CXCL5 enhances melanoma cell migration and invasion.
  • Down-regulation of the CXCL5 receptor, CXCR2, in melanoma cells reduces metastasis and bone loss.
  • Simultaneous inhibition of CXCL5 in osteocytes and CXCR2 in melanoma cells abrogates in vivo tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocytes play a significant role in melanoma bone metastasis.
  • The CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling pathway is a key mediator of this process.
  • Targeting the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis presents a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma bone metastasis.