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The dynamic and reciprocal relationship between perceived everyday discrimination and cognitive function in later
Takashi Amano1, Yuane Jia2, Audrey Redding1
1Department of Social Work, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Aging & Mental Health
|April 9, 2024
Summary
Perceived discrimination may worsen cognitive function over time, particularly in non-Hispanic White older adults. Declining cognitive function might also increase experiences of discrimination, suggesting a complex, bidirectional relationship.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Socioemotional selectivity theory and cognitive theory inform the study of aging.
- Understanding the interplay between discrimination and cognitive decline in later life is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between perceived discrimination and cognitive function in older adults.
- To examine longitudinal associations and subgroup differences by ethnoracial groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from four waves (2006-2018) of the Health and Retirement Study (N=4,125, aged 51+).
- Measured cognitive function using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-27).
- Employed Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) with covariate adjustments and subgroup analyses.
Main Results:
- Cross-sectionally, lower cognitive function was linked to higher perceived discrimination (unidirectional).
- Longitudinally, higher perceived discrimination predicted lower cognitive function in later waves, specifically among non-Hispanic White individuals.
Conclusions:
- A reciprocal relationship is suggested, where cognitive decline may precede and exacerbate perceived discrimination, leading to further cognitive decline.
- Lifetime discrimination experiences may explain ethnoracial variations.
- Further research is needed for individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia.
Keywords:
Perceived discriminationcognitive functioncognitive theoryhealth and retirement study (HRS)random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM)socioemotional selectivity theoryMore Related Videos
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