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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Trichosporonosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

Ghassan J Alboloshi1, Asif A Jiman-Fatani2,3, Dalya Attallah3

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratories, King Abdullah Medical Complex Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of General Medicine
|April 9, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Trichosporon infections are a growing concern, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study in Saudi Arabia found T. asahii to be the most common species, with UTIs being the primary presentation and high mortality rates observed.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Fungal infections, particularly invasive trichosporonosis, are a significant medical concern, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Non-Candida yeasts, such as Trichosporon species, are increasingly implicated in superficial and invasive infections worldwide.
  • Invasive trichosporonosis presents a substantial threat with high mortality rates, necessitating further epidemiological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical epidemiology of Trichosporon species infections.
  • To analyze demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of Trichosporon infections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study was conducted analyzing microbiology cultures from KAUH over a five-year period.
  • Data from 21 participants were assessed, focusing on patient demographics, clinical presentations, and identified Trichosporon species.
  • Risk factors associated with trichosporonosis were identified through analysis of patient data.

Main Results:

  • Trichosporon asahii was the predominant species (90.5%), followed by T. mucoides (9.5%).
  • Key risk factors included ICU hospitalization, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive and antifungal drug use, and invasive medical equipment.
  • Urinary tract infections were the most common clinical presentation, particularly in males and elderly patients, with high mortality rates observed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial epidemiological insights into trichosporonosis in Saudi Arabia.
  • Enhanced surveillance and preventive strategies are needed in healthcare settings to combat Trichosporon infections.
  • Further research is essential to optimize treatment and infection control measures to improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Trichosporon asahiiTrichosporon sppfungal infectioninvasiverisk factorstrichosporonosis

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