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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

Published on: June 1, 2012

Near-Infrared Triggered Biodegradable Microneedle Patch for Controlled Macromolecule Drug Release.

Yifan Cheng^1,2, Junzhu Yang^1,2, Sanyang Han³

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Macromolecular Bioscience

|April 9, 2024

Summary

New biodegradable microneedle (MN) patches offer controlled transdermal drug delivery for macromolecules. Near-infrared light triggers drug release, enhancing absorption and showing therapeutic effects in mice.

Keywords:

biodegradable macromolecule drug microneedle near infrared transdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Drug Delivery Systems
Nanotechnology

Background:

Transdermal drug delivery offers convenience but faces challenges with macromolecule drugs due to low efficiency and poor absorption.
Developing efficient, safe, and controllable transdermal methods is crucial for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop efficient, safe, and controllable transdermal delivery of macromolecule drugs using biodegradable composite microneedles (MNs).
To investigate the near-infrared (NIR) triggered release mechanism and optimize MN properties for enhanced drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of calcium sulfate and gelatin composite MN patches using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds.
Incorporation of a photothermal agent (IR780) for NIR-triggered drug release.
Optimization of MN structure, 1-tetradecanol (TD) coating, and gelatin to calcium sulfate ratio (2:6) for enhanced control.

Main Results:

The developed MN patches successfully delivered both macro and micro molecule drugs transdermally.
NIR irradiation effectively controlled the release of macromolecule drugs from the MNs.
Insulin-loaded MN patches demonstrated therapeutic effects in healthy mice, indicating potential for transdermal drug delivery.

Conclusions:

Biodegradable composite MNs provide a controllable platform for transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules.
NIR-triggered release offers a safe and efficient method for enhancing drug absorption and therapeutic outcomes.
This technology holds promise for personalized treatment strategies via transdermal ingestion.