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Corrosion

Corrosion

The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Corrosion of Reinforcement

Corrosion of Reinforcement

The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Corrosion Mitigation in Molten Salt Environments.

Sylvie Delpech¹, Charly Carrière¹, Alexandre Chmakoff^1,2

¹IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 9, 2024

Summary

Corrosion in molten salts can be mitigated by controlling the salt

Keywords:

corrosion halide molten salts redox control thermodynamic

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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media

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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Molten salt environments pose significant corrosion challenges for structural materials.
Material degradation is directly linked to the molten salt's redox potential relative to the material's constituent elements.
Understanding and controlling redox potential is crucial for preventing corrosion.

Purpose of the Study:

To present effective methods for corrosion mitigation in molten salt environments.
To provide a methodology for calculating the theoretical potential of molten salts.
To validate proposed mitigation strategies through experimental testing.

Main Methods:

Calculation of theoretical molten salt potential.
Comparison of theoretical potentials with experimental measurements.
Immersion tests using three proposed corrosion mitigation techniques.

Main Results:

A methodology for predicting molten salt corrosion based on redox potential was developed and validated.
Corrosion was observed when the salt's redox potential exceeded material element potentials.
No corrosion occurred when the salt's redox potential was lower than material element potentials.

Conclusions:

Corrosion in molten salts is predictable and controllable via redox potential management.
Proposed methods including redox systems, potentiostatic control, and amphoteric compounds effectively mitigate corrosion.
The study provides a framework for selecting and designing materials for high-temperature molten salt applications.