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Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of selenium utilization in Methanococcus maripaludis.

Katrina Funkner1, Anja Poehlein2, Nico Jehmlich3

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Methanococcus maripaludis utilizes selenocysteine and cysteine in energy metabolism. Selenium depletion alters gene expression, revealing new selenium sources and transporters, though their exact roles remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Biochemistry
  • Trace Element Metabolism
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Methanococcus maripaludis uses selenocysteine (Sec) for energy metabolism, switching to cysteine (Cys) during selenium depletion.
  • Previous studies focused on specific selenium pathways, lacking a global view of gene expression changes.
  • Understanding microbial selenium utilization is crucial due to its environmental interconversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global gene expression response of M. maripaludis to varying selenium levels.
  • To identify novel selenium sources utilized by M. maripaludis.
  • To explore the function of putative selenium transporter genes.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to assess differential gene and protein expression.
  • Reporter strain assays to test utilization of various environmental selenium species.
  • Loss-of-function mutagenesis of putative transporter genes.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 7-12% of M. maripaludis genes/proteins showed altered expression in response to selenium.
  • New selenium sources, including selenite and dimethylselenide, were confirmed, and others were evaluated.
  • Mutagenesis of five putative transporters did not reveal essential roles in selenium utilization, suggesting redundancy.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium status significantly impacts M. maripaludis gene expression, affecting metabolism and transport.
  • The organism can utilize a broader range of selenium sources than previously known.
  • The identified putative transporters likely have overlapping functions or are not solely dedicated to selenium uptake.