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A Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacter hormaechei Strain from Mixed

Elizabeth A Leighton1, Chelsea N Gale1, En Huang2

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Fresh vegetables can carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria like extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. This study identified a multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacter hormaechei strain in sprouts, highlighting vegetable-associated antimicrobial resistance (AR).

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Safety
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Fresh vegetables can be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales.
  • Enterobacter hormaechei, a common nosocomial pathogen, belongs to the Enterobacterales order.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a multi-drug resistant, ESBL-producing E. hormaechei strain isolated from mixed sprouts.
  • To investigate the role of fresh vegetables in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AR).

Main Methods:

  • Bacterial isolation from sprout samples using selective enrichment and Chromagar™ ESBL plates.
  • Confirmation of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase production via combination disk diffusion assays.
  • Whole genome sequencing to identify the bacterial strain and its antibiotic resistance (AR) genes.

Main Results:

  • An E. hormaechei strain (057-E1) was isolated from sprouts and confirmed to produce ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases.
  • The isolate exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including cephalosporins, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
  • Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of multiple AR genes, including a blaCTX-M-15 gene cluster.

Conclusions:

  • Fresh vegetables play a significant role in the ecology and spread of antibiotic resistance.
  • Effective strategies are needed for the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance in fresh produce to ensure food safety.