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The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Rice Volatile Organic Compounds under
Muhammad Afzal1,2, Sajid Muhammad3, Dedong Tan4
1College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 9, 2024
Summary
Cadmium pollution in agricultural soils harms rice quality and soil nitrogen cycling. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management worsens these cadmium (Cd) effects, making it unsuitable for contaminated fields.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Agronomy
- Soil Science
Background:
- Heavy metal (HM) pollution, particularly cadmium (Cd), in agricultural soils poses significant risks to human health and crop quality.
- Cadmium contamination affects soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes like nitrification and denitrification, and alters plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- Rice quality, specifically its aroma, is vulnerable to Cd contamination, impacting consumer acceptance and nutritional value.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the detrimental effects of cadmium on soil N-cycle processes and rice quality under different water management practices.
- To compare the impact of continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on Cd accumulation and its consequences.
- To identify effective strategies for mitigating Cd's negative effects in rice cultivation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing recent research on cadmium's effects in agricultural soils.
- Analysis of studies examining soil nitrification and denitrification under CF and AWD.
- Evaluation of research on rice aroma alteration and volatile organic compound (VOC) modulation by cadmium.
Main Results:
- Cadmium reduces nitrification and denitrification in both CF and AWD, with more pronounced effects under AWD.
- Rice aroma is significantly altered by cadmium, especially under AWD conditions compared to CF.
- Heavy metal accumulation in rice is higher under AWD, negatively impacting VOCs; AWD is not recommended for Cd-contaminated soils.
Conclusions:
- Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) exacerbates cadmium's negative impacts on soil N-cycling and rice quality, and should be avoided in contaminated fields.
- Reducing cadmium accumulation and preserving rice quality requires careful consideration of water management practices.
- Future research should focus on rhizospheric engineering and plant biotechnology to limit HM transport into edible plant parts.
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