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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

3.6K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
3.6K

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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Constructing Directional Electrostatic Potential Difference via Gradient Nitrogen Doping for Efficient Oxygen

Zhijie Qi1, Zhenjie Lu1, Xiangjie Guo1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gradient nitrogen doping enhances cobalt catalysts for improved oxygen reduction reactions. This strategy optimizes electronic structure and charge distribution, boosting performance in Zn-air batteries.

Keywords:
Co‐based materialsZn–air batterieselectrostatic potential differencegradient nitrogen dopingoxygen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nitrogen doping is key for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in carbon-encapsulated transition metal catalysts (TM@C).
  • Previous random nitrogen doping limits control over catalyst electronic structure due to disordered electrostatic potentials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a gradient nitrogen doping strategy for improved ORR activity.
  • To create nitrogen-deficient graphene and nitrogen-rich carbon nanotubes encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles (Co@CNTs@NG).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Co@CNTs@NG catalysts using a gradient nitrogen doping approach.
  • Characterization of catalyst electronic structure and electrostatic potential distribution.
  • Evaluation of ORR performance and application in Zn-air batteries.

Main Results:

  • The gradient nitrogen doping creates a controlled increase in electrostatic potential across the carbon layer.
  • This facilitates directed electron transfer, optimizes charge distribution, and enhances ORR activity (E_onset = 0.96 V, E_1/2 = 0.86 V).
  • Co@CNTs@NG demonstrated excellent performance in Zn-air batteries with a peak power density of 132.65 mA cm⁻² and OCV of 1.51 V.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed gradient nitrogen doping strategy effectively regulates the material's electronic structure and work function.
  • This method significantly enhances ORR performance and shows promise for energy storage applications like Zn-air batteries.