Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

110
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
110
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

388
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
388
Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

100
Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
100
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

56
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
56
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

202
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
202
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.0K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemosensory evolution in the aquatic predator Drosophila enhydrobia.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Mosquitoes: A butt-brain axis for controlling reproduction.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

YOLito: A generalizable model for automated mosquito detection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Grapefruit-derived nootkatone potentiates GABAergic signaling and acts as a dual-action mosquito repellent and insecticide.

Current biology : CB·2024
Same author

Insect genomics: A lousy fly.

Current biology : CB·2024
Same author

Genomes from historical Drosophila melanogaster specimens illuminate adaptive and demographic changes across more than 200 years of evolution.

PLoS biology·2023
Same journal

Hunting ecology predicts eye arrangements in the modular visual system of spiders.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Sub-second fluctuations between top-down and bottom-up modes distinguish diverse human brain states.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Queen bees offload pesticide burden to eggs when social buffering is overwhelmed.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Pitch selectivity in ferret auditory cortex.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

A cell size-dependent competition between geometry and polarity governs nuclear and spindle positioning in early embryos.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Trophic cascades drive sustainability in the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system.

Current biology : CB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.2K

Schreckstoff: It takes two to panic.

Marcus C Stensmyr1

  • 1Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.

Current Biology : CB
|April 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injured fish release Schreckstoff (fear substance) to signal danger. A new study reveals zebrafish Schreckstoff comprises at least three components, with two synergistically triggering the fear response.

More Related Videos

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.5K
Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

22.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.2K
Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.5K
Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

22.9K

Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Schreckstoff (fear substance) acts as an alarm signal in fish, inducing a fear response.
  • The precise chemical composition of Schreckstoff has remained a long-standing question in aquatic animal behavior research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the chemical components of zebrafish Schreckstoff.
  • To determine which components of Schreckstoff are responsible for eliciting the fear response.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish were exposed to various fractions of isolated Schreckstoff.
  • Behavioral assays were conducted to quantify the fear response.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish Schreckstoff is composed of at least three distinct chemical components.
  • Two of these components, when present together, were found to elicit a significant fear response in zebrafish.
  • Neither of these two components alone induced the fear response.

Conclusions:

  • The fear response induced by Schreckstoff in zebrafish is mediated by a combination of at least two specific chemical components.
  • This finding provides critical insight into the chemical basis of alarm signaling in fish.