Diagnostic criteria of anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography to detect gonioscopic angle closure

To compare the diagnostic performance of 360° anterior segment optical coherence tomography assessment by applying normative percentile cut-offs versus iris trabecular contact (ITC) for detecting gonioscopic angle closure.

In this multicentre study, 394 healthy individuals were included in the normative dataset to derive the age-specific and angle location-specific normative percentiles of angle open distance (AOD500) and trabecular iris space area (TISA500) which were measured every 10° for 360°. 119 healthy participants and 170 patients with angle closure by gonioscopy were included in the test dataset to investigate the diagnostic performance of three sets of criteria for detection of gonioscopic angle closure: (1) the 10th and (2) the 5th percentiles of AOD500/TISA500, and (3) ITC (ie, AOD500/TISA500=0 mm/mm²). The number of angle locations with angle closure defined by each set of the criteria for each eye was used to generate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the discrimination between gonioscopic angle closure and open angle.

Of the three sets of diagnostic criteria examined, the area under the ROC curve was greatest for the 10th percentile of AOD500 (0.933), whereas the ITC criterion AOD500=0 mm showed the smallest area under the ROC (0.852) and the difference was statistically significant with or without adjusting for age and axial length (p<0.001). The criterion ≥90° of AOD500 below the 10th percentile attained the best sensitivity 87.6% and specificity 84.9% combination for detecting gonioscopic angle closure.

Applying the normative percentiles of angle measurements yielded a higher diagnostic performance than ITC for detecting angle closure on gonioscopy.