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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Rapid Viscoelastic Characterization of Airway Mucus Using a Benchtop Rheometer
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Eosinophilic mucus diseases.

Misaki Arima1, Keisuke Ito1, Tomoe Abe1

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|April 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic inflammation, linked to allergies, causes mucus buildup and organ damage. Understanding eosinophil

Keywords:
AirwaysAllergyEosinophilExtracellular trapsMucus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Eosinophilic inflammation, driven by type 2 immune responses, is linked to allergies in developed countries.
  • Unlike protective neutrophilic inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation is often an adverse immune reaction.
  • Massive eosinophil accumulation in mucus causes high viscosity and is seen in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical challenges posed by eosinophilic mucus.
  • To discuss how eosinophils impact mucus properties and inflammation.
  • To highlight the consequences of eosinophil-induced mucus dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of eosinophilic inflammatory disorders.
  • Analysis of the role of eosinophils in mucus biophysics.
  • Examination of clinical findings associated with eosinophilic mucus.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophilic mucus contributes to organ damage via obstruction and toxic substance adhesion.
  • Eosinophils aggregate in mucus with crystals and polymers, altering its properties.
  • Persistent inflammation and tissue remodeling are consequences of eosinophilic mucus.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophilic mucus presents significant clinical challenges, leading to organ damage.
  • Activated eosinophils critically affect mucosal surfaces, mucus, and inflammation.
  • Further research is needed to address the burden of eosinophilic inflammatory disorders.