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Cultural Influences on Personality01:26

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Worldwide divergence of values.

Joshua Conrad Jackson1, Danila Medvedev2

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Global cultural values are diverging, not converging, with significant differences in tolerance and self-expression, particularly between Western and non-Western nations. Regional convergence is also observed, despite global divergence.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Cultural Studies
  • Globalization Studies

Background:

  • Long-standing debate among social scientists regarding cultural change in modernizing and globalizing societies.
  • Competing predictions: cultural convergence towards Western democratic values versus persistence or increase of cultural differences.
  • Need for empirical data to test theories of cultural convergence and divergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test competing predictions of cultural convergence versus divergence.
  • To analyze the trajectory of national cultural values over four decades.
  • To identify factors correlating with cultural value similarity and divergence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of large-scale international survey data spanning 1981 to 2022.
  • Inclusion of data from 76 national cultures, encompassing over 400,000 individuals.
  • Statistical analysis to track value changes and identify correlates like GDP and geographic proximity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of global value divergence, particularly in values of tolerance and self-expression.
  • Sharpest divergence observed between high-income Western countries and the rest of the world.
  • Countries with similar GDP levels showed similar values historically; geographic proximity is an increasing correlate of value similarity.

Conclusions:

  • National cultures are diverging globally, challenging convergence theories.
  • Regional convergence in values is occurring, alongside global divergence.
  • Economic and geographic factors play significant roles in shaping cultural value trajectories.