Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
Published on: August 20, 2019
Genotype-phenotype associations in microtia: a systematic review
Siti Isya Wahdini1, Fina Idamatussilmi1, Rachmaniar Pramanasari2
1Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
This systematic review identifies key genes like TCOF1 and GSC involved in microtia development and associated head and neck abnormalities. Findings reveal a genotype-phenotype association, highlighting the genetic basis of this congenital ear malformation.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Developmental Biology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Microtia is a congenital ear malformation with poorly understood etiology, though genetics plays a significant role.
- This review focuses on identifying genes and head/neck abnormalities associated with microtia.
Approach:
- A systematic review of seven databases was conducted, screening and selecting publications based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.
- Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.
- Data from 40 papers (1459 patients) on phenotypes and 30 on genetics were analyzed.
Key Points:
- External ear canal atresia was the most common phenotype.
- Auricular, mental, and oral regions were most frequently affected head/neck areas.
- Craniofacial microsomia syndrome was the most common associated syndrome.
Conclusions:
- Identified genes involved in microtia include TCOF1, SIX2, HSPA9, GSC, FANCB, HOXA2, MARS1, and CDT1.
- A genotype-phenotype association in microtia was revealed.
- Further studies with comprehensive data are needed to fully elucidate microtia's genetic and phenotypic landscape.
Related Concept Videos
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Pleiotropy
Incomplete Dominance
Pedigree Analysis
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

