Microstructural, Micromechanical Atlas of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biomechanics
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc's collagenous microstructure is crucial for stress distribution.
• Understanding TMJ disc microstructural and micromechanical changes in various conditions is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To create a high-resolution microstructural and mechanical atlas of the porcine TMJ disc.
• To investigate TMJ disc transformations under resting, functional, pathological, and abnormal stress conditions.

Main Methods:

• Microstructural and mechanical property analysis of porcine TMJ discs.
• Creation and comparison of perforation and tear models for pathological conditions.
• Study of an anterior disc displacement rabbit model to simulate abnormal stress.

Main Results:

• Diverse microstructures and mechanical properties were observed at the nanometer to micrometer scale.
• Functional states revealed collagen unfolding, leading to tissue failure.
• Pathological conditions and abnormal stress caused localized stress concentration and progressive collagen damage.

Conclusions:

• Collagen's role varies significantly across different pathophysiological states of the TMJ disc.
• Findings provide insights into TMJ disc function, dysfunction, and potential biomimetic material design.
• The study aids in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TMJ disorders.